Can you target medication and treatment based on this information? Current research is pursuing the very important and clinically relevant question of how do our current treatments work, and for whom? In the clinic, we have two main evidence-based treatment recommendations for patients — medications and/or talk/behavior therapy. The challenge is picking which choice is better based on clinical wisdom, provider availability, patient preference and/or trial-and-error. We don’t make the choice based on biologically based objective measures. New research suggests that we can use brain imaging and other psychophysiological tools and neurocognitive assessments to guide patients to the treatments most likely to work for them. This is a common practice in other disciplines of medicine, and we anticipate our field will follow suit.